1. Torque, T = 9.81 x W x R Effective Nm.
Where R Effective = (D + d)/2 m,
W (Load) = ( S1 S2) Kg.
2. Brake Power, B P = ( 2πN T ) / 60, 000 KW
Where N = rpm,
T = Torque Nm,
3. Indicated Power, I P = n ( Pm x L Stroke x A x N’) / 60,000 KW
Where Pm = Mean Effective Pressure N/ m2,
L Stroke = Stroke m,
A (Cross Section of the Cylinder) = (πD2Bore)/ 4 m2,
N’ (Number of Power Strokes/ min.)
= N/ 2 per min. (For Four Stroke Engine)
=N per min. (For Two Stroke Engine)
N = rpm, and
n = Number of Cylinders.
4. Fuel Consumption, m f = ( 50 ml x 106 x ρ Fuel ) / ( t ) Kg/Sec.
Here; 1 ml = 10-3 liters, and 1000 liters = 1m3
So 1 ml = 10-6 m3
5. Brake Mean Effective Pressure, BMEP = (BP x 60,000)/ ( L Stroke x A x N’) N/ m2
Where L Stroke = Stroke m,
A (Cross Section of the Cylinder) = (π D2Bore)/4 m2,
N’ (Number of Power Strokes/ min.)
= N/ 2 per min. (For Four Stroke Engine.)
= N per min. (For Two Stroke Engine)
N = speed in rpm.
6. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, BSFC = ( mf x 3600 ) / BP Kg/ KW . hr
7. Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption, ISFC = ( mf x 3600 ) / IP Kg/ KW .hr
8. Indicated Thermal Efficiency, η Indicated Thermal = ( IP x 100 ) / (mf x C.V. )%
9. Brake Thermal Efficiency, η Brake Thermal = ( B P x 100 ) / (mf x C.V. ) %
10. Mass of the Air, m Air = Cd Ao √2 g Δh ρ Air ρ Water Kg/ Sec ;
Where Cd ( Coefficient of Discharge ) = 0.6,
ρAir= ( Pa x 102 ) / ( R x Ta ) Kg/m3
Ao ( Area of Orifice ) = (π do 2)/ 4 m2,
Pa = 1.01325 Bar,
R = 0.287 KJ/ Kg K .
Ta = ( ta + 273 ) K,
ta = Ambient Temperature O C
11. Air Fuel Ratio, A/F = ( m Air / mf ) Kg/ Kg of Fuel
12. Volumetric Efficiency, η Volumetric = ( VAir x 100 )/ Vs %
Where VAir ( Volume of air inhaled/ Sec.) = ( m Air / ρ Air ) m3/ Sec.
Vs ( Swept Volume/ Sec.) = n . ( L Stroke . A.. N’ )/ 60 m3/ Sec.,
And Volume of fuel is Neglected (Based on free air conditions),
A (Cross Section of the Cylinder) = (π D2Bore)/ 4 m2,
L Stroke = Stroke in m,
N’ (Number of Power Strokes/ min.)
= N/ 2 per min. (For Four Stroke Engine)
= N per min (For Two Stroke Engine)
N = speed in rpm., and n = Number of Cylinders.
13. Mechanical Efficiency, ηmechanical = BP / IP
The BSFC calculation (in metric units) (Source: Wikipedia)
To calculate this rate, use the formula BSFC = \frac{r}{P}
Where:
r is the fuel consumption rate in grams per second (g·s-1)
P is the power produced in watts where P = τω
ω is the engine speed in radians per second (rad·s-1)
τ is the engine torque in newton meters (N·m)
The resulting units of BSFC are grams per joule (g·J−1)
Commonly BSFC is expressed in units of grams per kilowatt-hour (g/(kW·h)). The conversion factor is as follows:
BSFC [g/(kW·h)] = BSFC [g/J]×(3.6×106)
Where R Effective = (D + d)/2 m,
W (Load) = ( S1 S2) Kg.
2. Brake Power, B P = ( 2πN T ) / 60, 000 KW
Where N = rpm,
T = Torque Nm,
3. Indicated Power, I P = n ( Pm x L Stroke x A x N’) / 60,000 KW
Where Pm = Mean Effective Pressure N/ m2,
L Stroke = Stroke m,
A (Cross Section of the Cylinder) = (πD2Bore)/ 4 m2,
N’ (Number of Power Strokes/ min.)
= N/ 2 per min. (For Four Stroke Engine)
=N per min. (For Two Stroke Engine)
N = rpm, and
n = Number of Cylinders.
4. Fuel Consumption, m f = ( 50 ml x 106 x ρ Fuel ) / ( t ) Kg/Sec.
Here; 1 ml = 10-3 liters, and 1000 liters = 1m3
So 1 ml = 10-6 m3
5. Brake Mean Effective Pressure, BMEP = (BP x 60,000)/ ( L Stroke x A x N’) N/ m2
Where L Stroke = Stroke m,
A (Cross Section of the Cylinder) = (π D2Bore)/4 m2,
N’ (Number of Power Strokes/ min.)
= N/ 2 per min. (For Four Stroke Engine.)
= N per min. (For Two Stroke Engine)
N = speed in rpm.
6. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, BSFC = ( mf x 3600 ) / BP Kg/ KW . hr
7. Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption, ISFC = ( mf x 3600 ) / IP Kg/ KW .hr
8. Indicated Thermal Efficiency, η Indicated Thermal = ( IP x 100 ) / (mf x C.V. )%
9. Brake Thermal Efficiency, η Brake Thermal = ( B P x 100 ) / (mf x C.V. ) %
10. Mass of the Air, m Air = Cd Ao √2 g Δh ρ Air ρ Water Kg/ Sec ;
Where Cd ( Coefficient of Discharge ) = 0.6,
ρAir= ( Pa x 102 ) / ( R x Ta ) Kg/m3
Ao ( Area of Orifice ) = (π do 2)/ 4 m2,
Pa = 1.01325 Bar,
R = 0.287 KJ/ Kg K .
Ta = ( ta + 273 ) K,
ta = Ambient Temperature O C
11. Air Fuel Ratio, A/F = ( m Air / mf ) Kg/ Kg of Fuel
12. Volumetric Efficiency, η Volumetric = ( VAir x 100 )/ Vs %
Where VAir ( Volume of air inhaled/ Sec.) = ( m Air / ρ Air ) m3/ Sec.
Vs ( Swept Volume/ Sec.) = n . ( L Stroke . A.. N’ )/ 60 m3/ Sec.,
And Volume of fuel is Neglected (Based on free air conditions),
A (Cross Section of the Cylinder) = (π D2Bore)/ 4 m2,
L Stroke = Stroke in m,
N’ (Number of Power Strokes/ min.)
= N/ 2 per min. (For Four Stroke Engine)
= N per min (For Two Stroke Engine)
N = speed in rpm., and n = Number of Cylinders.
13. Mechanical Efficiency, ηmechanical = BP / IP
The BSFC calculation (in metric units) (Source: Wikipedia)
To calculate this rate, use the formula BSFC = \frac{r}{P}
Where:
r is the fuel consumption rate in grams per second (g·s-1)
P is the power produced in watts where P = τω
ω is the engine speed in radians per second (rad·s-1)
τ is the engine torque in newton meters (N·m)
The resulting units of BSFC are grams per joule (g·J−1)
Commonly BSFC is expressed in units of grams per kilowatt-hour (g/(kW·h)). The conversion factor is as follows:
BSFC [g/(kW·h)] = BSFC [g/J]×(3.6×106)
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